Grand Challenges: Climate Change and Political Conflict

Grand Challenges Project Examines the Link Between Climate Change and Political Violence

September 25, 2024

 

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Although comparative research on the security implications of climate change is rapidly expanding, prior research has not yet detected a single general effect but rather mounting evidence that climactic changes contribute to political conflict under some conditions and through certain pathways. In prior research, we found that sea surface temperature (SST) is a significant predictor of maritime piracy, depending on the specific ways that it impacts regional fish production. Our statistical analysis confirmed that in East Africa, higher SST is associated with declining fish production which in turn increases the likelihood of piracy; while in the South China Sea, higher SST is associated with increasing fish production that in turn decreases the risk of piracy. In the proposed research we plan to build on this study by using SST as a measure of climate change and examine its impact on various types of political violence in 109 countries with coastlines. We will measure political violence by analyzing geocoded events recorded for the past 30 years in databases on terrorism (GTD) and Armed Conflict (ACLED). If we can demonstrate a significant link between SST and political violence, we will be able to better understand past violence but also provide projections of the nature of future threats connected to the effects of shifts in food production, one the major results of climate change.